CTD and Rosette Setup¶
For P02W-2022 a SIO STS 36-place yellow rosette and bottles were used. The rosette was sent to Guam in early January, 2022. The rosette and bottles were built before P06 2017, making this the thirteenth time this package has been deployed. A steel bridle was added to the top of the rosette to adapt to the winch head. The bottles were made with new PVC, with new non-baked o-rings and electro-polished steel springs. Springs within the Bullister-style Niskin bottles were electropolished stainless steel. Bottle lanyards were made from 300-pound monofilament. No sample contamination has been noticed by the change in o-rings and springs. The package used on P02W-2022 weighs roughly 1500 lbs in air without water and 2350 lbs in air with water. The package used on P02W-2022 weighs roughly 950 lbs in water. In addition to the standard CTDO package on GO-SHIP cruises three chipods, two LADCP, and one UVP were mounted on the rosette.
During the cruise we encountered a handful of problems, most notably noise between the primary and secondary CTD lines. We describe all of the above in more detail in the sections below.
Underwater Sampling Package¶
CTDO/rosette/LADCP/UVP/chipod casts were performed with a package consisting of a 36 bottle rosette frame, a 36-place carousel and 36 Bullister style Niskin bottles with an absolute volume of 10.6 L. Underwater electronic components primarily consisted of a SeaBird Electronics housing unit with Paroscientific pressure sensor with dual plumbed lines where each line has a pump, temperature sensor, conductivity sensor, and exhaust line. A SeaBird Electronics membrane oxygen sensor was mounted on the “primary” line. A reference thermometer, RINKO oxygen optode, transmissometer, chlorophyll-a fluorometer, and altimeter were also mounted on the rosette. Chipod, LADCP, and UVP instruments were deployed with the CTD/rosette package and their use is outlined in sections of this document specific to their titled analysis.
CTD and cage were horizontally mounted at the bottom of the rosette frame, located below the carousel for all stations. The temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, respective pumps and exhaust tubing was mounted to the CTD and cage housing as recommended by SBE. The reference temperature sensor was mounted between the primary and secondary temperature sensors at the same level as the intakes for the pumped temperature sensors. The transmissometer was mounted horizontally on the lower LADCP brace with hose clamps, avoiding shiny metal inside that would introduce noise in the signal. The hose clamps for the transmissometer were covered in black electrical tape. The oxygen optode, fluorometer, and altimeter were mounted vertically inside the bottom ring of the rosette frames, with nothing obstructing their line of sight. One 300 KHz bi-directional Broadband LADCP (RDI) unit was mounted vertically on the bottom side of the frame. Another 300 KHz bi-directional Broadband LADCP (RDI) unit was mounted vertically on the top side of the frame. The LADCP battery pack was also mounted on the bottom of the frame. The LADCP and LADCP battery pack were mounted near (90°) each other at the beginning of the cruise. Imagining the now of the ship to be north, the LADCP battery was mounted on the south side of the rosette, the up/down LADCPs were on the west side, the UVP on the east, and CTD mounted to the north.
Equipment |
Model |
S/N |
Cal Date |
Stations |
Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rosette |
36-place |
Yellow |
– |
1-117 |
|
CTD |
SBE9+ |
1281 |
– |
1-117 |
|
Pressure Sensor |
Digiquartz |
136428 |
Dec 7, 2021 |
1-117 |
|
Primary Temperature |
SBE3+ |
35046 |
Mar 2, 2022 |
1-8 |
|
Primary Temperature |
SBE3+ |
34941 |
Mar 9, 2022 |
9-40 |
|
Primary Temperature |
SBE3+ |
36049 |
Mar 17, 2022 |
41-117 |
|
Primary Conductivity |
SBE4C |
43578 |
Mar 22, 2022 |
1-117 |
|
Primary Pump |
SBE5 |
51892 |
– |
1-41,51-117 |
|
Primary Pump |
SBE5 |
53626 |
– |
41-50 |
|
Secondary Temperature |
SBE3+ |
34941 |
Mar 9, 2022 |
1-8 |
|
Secondary Temperature |
SBE3+ |
36018 |
Mar 3, 2022 |
9-40 |
|
Secondary Temperature |
SBE3+ |
34138 |
Mar 17, 2022 |
41-117 |
|
Secondary Conductivity |
SBE4C |
42569 |
Mar 17, 2022 |
1-117 |
|
Secondary Pump |
SBE5 |
51871 |
– |
1-42 |
|
Secondary Pump |
SBE5 |
58692 |
– |
42-50 |
|
Secondary Pump |
SBE5 |
53626 |
– |
51-117 |
|
Transmissometer |
Cstar |
1873DR |
Jan 5, 2022 |
1-117 |
|
Fluorometer Chlorophyll |
WetLabs ECO-FL-RTD |
4334 |
– |
1-117 |
|
Dissolved Oxygen |
SBE43 |
430060 |
Mar 15, 2022 |
1-32 |
|
Dissolved Oxygen |
SBE43 |
430185 |
Mar 15, 2022 |
32-93 |
|
Dissolved Oxygen |
SBE43 |
431508 |
Oct 8, 2021 |
94-117 |
|
Oxygen Optode |
JFE Advantech Rinko-III |
0296 |
Apr 7, 2017 |
1-10 |
|
Oxygen Optode |
JFE Advantech Rinko-III |
0251 |
Apr 7, 2017 |
11-117 |
|
Reference Temperature |
SBE35 |
0105 |
Mar 15, 2022 |
1-117 |
|
Carousel |
SBE32 |
1178 |
– |
1-117 |
|
Altimeter |
Valeport 500 |
53821 |
– |
1-117 |
|
UVP |
– |
201 |
– |
1-117 |
|
Chipods |
Chipod |
2014 Ti44-8 |
– |
1-117 |
|
Chipods |
Chipod |
2013 TI44-12 |
– |
1-117 |
|
Chipods |
Chipod |
2032 Ti44-15 |
– |
1-117 |
Package sensor setup from south.¶
Package sensor setup from east.¶
Package sensor setup from north.¶
Package setup from southwest, from left to right: CTD cage, downward facing chipod, downward facing LADCP, transmissometer bar.¶
Package setup from southwest, from left to right: (Foreground) ECO fluorometer, UVP, RINKO, altimeter.¶
Package setup from west.¶
Package setup from west, top view.¶
Winch and Deployment¶
The CAST6 winch and deployment system was used for all stations. The rosette system was suspended from a UNOLS-standard three-conductor 0.322” electro-mechanical sea cable. The sea cable was terminated with an Evergrip (primary), Guy Grip (secondary), and set of Crosby Clips (tertiary). No electrical issues occurred on P02W. There were continuous issues with wire twist and had to “move up” the termination 3 times during the cruise.
The deck watch prepared the rosette 10-30 minutes prior to each cast. The bottles were cocked and all valves, vents, and lanyards were checked for proper orientation. Any biofouling noted was cleaned off the outside of the rosette before the next cast, and the inside of the bottles were checked for biofouling and sprayed down. LADCP technician would check for LADCP battery charge, prepare instrument for data acquisition, and disconnect cables. Once stopped on station, the Marine Technician would check the sea state prior to cast and decide if conditions were acceptable for deployment. The rosette was moved from the sampling bay out to the deck using the Revelle’s tugger-driven cart. Once on deck, sea cable slack was pulled up by the winch operator. CTD watch standers would then turn on the deckbox and begin data acquistion, and the cast would begin. Recovering the package at the end of the deployment was the reverse of launching. Once rolled back into the sampling bay, a technician secured the cart to the deck using additional ratchet straps. The carousel was rinsed and sensors were cleaned (as described below) after every cast, and then samplers were allowed to begin collecting water.
Maintenance and Calibrations¶
During P02W-2022 routine maintenance was done to the rosette to ensure quality of the science done. Actions taken included rinsing all electrical instruments on the rosette down with fresh water after each cast and adjusting hose clamps and guide rings as needed such that lanyards had appropriate tension. Care was taken not to rinse the spigots and other parts of the bottle that might be touched by samplers in order to not contaminate the samples. After each cast, syringes of fresh water were connected to the plumbed lines to rinse the sensors and allow them to soak between casts. While in freezing conditions, water was drained after rinse to avoid freezing in the plumbing. Overhead heaters recently installed on the Thompson were run while in freezing or near-freezing conditions. The rosette was routinely examined for valve and o-ring leaks, which were maintained as needed. SBE35RT temperature data was routinely downloaded each day.
Every 20 stations, the transmissometer windows were cleaned and on deck blocked and un-blocked voltage readings were recorded prior to the cast. The transmissometer was also calibrated before the start and after the end of science operations.
Logs¶
In port: Preparation of the CTD and rosette was minimal as it had nearly the same setup as A20 2021, which had just been completed. UVP arrived in St. Thomas and was mounted opposite the ADCP. Downlooking chipod mounting pole was swapped out to allow the sensor to be closer to the leading edge of the rosette. Additional integrity checks on the rosette, such as checking lanyard angles, o-ring and lanyard replacement, and spigot movement waited until being underway to be checked as lower priority tasks. We are using a new mounting system for the downward looking LADCP which has the LADCP clamped facing inward instead of outward, which will cause problems if we need to change that LADCP in rough weather.
May 1, 2022
00101 - Test station to 20 m. Fired 36 bottles.
00102 - Test station to 1504 m. UVP turned on and voltage spikes were confirmed as real. Bottle 6 misfired at console.
00201 - Float deployed. CTD cast abandoned to save time.
May 4, 2022
00301 - Shallow 160 m cast with only 10 bottles to fire. Up-facing chipods were loose. Tightened hose clamps.
00401 - Bottle #2 o-ring broke on top vent upon recovery. Replaced.
May 5, 2022
00501 - No issues noted.
00601 - No issues noted.
00701 - No issues noted.
00801 - Primary temperature static to unrealistic value around 3150 m during upcast. Swapped T1 with T2 and replaced bad sensor. Spigot pins on bottles 6, 8 were bent and were straightened on recovery.
00901 - Alarms went off in computer lab approximately 5 minutes into 20 m soak. Deck box reading 1110, rather than normal 0110/0111. Recovered CTD and checked external wiring.
00902 - Alarms went off prior to contact with the surface. Reterminated end of cable upon recovery.
May 6, 2022
00903 - Alarms went off before reaching 20 m soak depth. Replaced sea cable upon recovery. Covered new T2 sensor with dummy plug.
00904 - Restech checked deckbox connections in computer lab and confirmed they were loose. Deployed with dummy on T2 to soak depth with no alarms and continued to approx. 4200 m. Connected T2 upon recovery and tested on deck.
01001 - Abnormal behavior on RINKO serial 0296, upcast and downcast do not match each other or the SBE43. SBE35 hit cap on internal storage and reference temperatures were not recorded. Replaced RINKO 0296 with S/N 0251 following recovery.
May 7, 2022
01101 - UVP battery exploded. Cable changed out and other damaged materials replaced. SBE35 hit cap on in ternal storage and references temperatures were not recorded.
01201 - RINKO 0251 spiking to 0 V during both down and upcasts. Replaced RINKO cable upon recovery. Data logging accidently ended pematurely during recovery. Turned back on for on-deck pressure.
May 7, 2022
01301 - No issues noted, new RINKO cable solved spiking behavior.
01401 - No issues noted.
01501 - No issues noted.
May 8, 2022
01601 - No issues noted.
01701 - “Fire bottle” button pressed 37 times in SeaSave, final button press at the surface.
01801 - No issues noted.
01901 - Paused approximately 100 m from seafloor waiting for restech assistance.
May 9, 2022
02001 - No issues noted.
02101 - No issues noted.
02201 - No issues noted.
May 10, 2022
02301 - Bio cast. No issues noted.
02302 - No issues noted.
02401 - No issues noted.
02501 - No issues noted.
May 11, 2022
02601 - Bio cast. No issues noted.
02602 - UVP voltage was static or unresponsive beyond ~1500 m.
02701 - Restechs observed significant spinning during recoveries and wrapped ~10 m of cable within the inside of the rosette to reduce spinning.
02801 - Replaced o-ring on bottle 10 valve and used hose clamps to secure slack cable to inside of rosette and away from lanyards.
May 12, 2022
02901 - Bio cast. Dark cast. Observed top caps of bottles 16 and 34 catching on lanyards of bottles 17 and 35, respectively. Lowered 16, 34, and raised 35. Replaced cracked spigot washer on bottle 9.
02902 - Tape left on transmissometer from dark cast. UVP voltage static or unresponsive below ~1700 m. Confirmed to be a battery problem associated with insufficient charge following bio casts. Bottle 16 was too low and caught on rosette frame. Raised bottle 16.
03001 - No problems noted. UVP operational as normal.
03101 - Raised bottle 17 to reduce chance of catching on bottle 16.
May 13, 2022
03201 - Bio cast. Bio fouling event and recovered to clean off sensors.
03202 - Bio cast. Primary and secondary CTD lines had noisy offsets during soak period.
03203 - Primary and secondary CTD lines had noisy offsets during soak period. Noticed significant noise and changes in SBE43 baseline during upcast. Changed SBE43 sensor out when recovered. Reterminated winch cable due to kink during recovery.
03301 - Primary and secondary CTD offsets improving. New SBE43 still noisy, but no changes in baseline.
03401 - No issues noted.
May 14, 2022
03501 - Bio cast. No issues noted.
03502 - SBE43 a little noisy after 1200 m.
03601 - No issues noted.
03701 - Adjusted guide rings on bottles 2, 31.
May 15, 2022
03801 - Bio cast.
03802 - No issues noted.
03901 - No issues noted.
04001 - Primary and secondary offsets significantly noisy and spiky. Recovered CTD and tested pumps. Replaced secondary temperature sensor.
04002 - Primary and secondary offsets still noisy. Recovered CTD, tested pumps, and replaced primary temperature sensor.
04003 - Offsets still noisy at soak depth. Deployed regardless and noise dissapated by 150 m depth. Noise may have been related to ship heave and pycnocline depth.
May 16, 2022
04101 - Bio cast. Noisy soak.
04102 - Noisy soak. Replaced primary pump to attempt to remedy soak noise.
04201 - Chipod 14-32 (top) had popped loose and flooded. Replaced with 14-36. Replaced secondary pump to attempt to remedy soak noise. Bottom spring to cap connection broke on bottle 6. Crimped new line and reattached cap prior to 04301.
04301 - No issues noted.
May 17, 2022
04401 - Bio cast. Crimp on bottom of bottle 6 failed. Reattached spring with knot.
04402 - No issues noted.
04501 - Bottle 19 suspected of mistrip.
04601 - No issues noted.
May 18, 2022
04701 - Bio cast.
04702 - Valve o-ring broken on bottle 1.
04801 - Bottle 19 confirmed to be mistripping on 04501 and 04801. Raised bottle 19 for better lanyard angle with carousel.
04901 - Bottle 19 fired. SBE43 noisy around 4000 m.
May 19, 2022
05001 - Bio cast. Soak is still noisy. Replaced primary pump.
05002 - Soak is still noisy. Replaced secondary pump.
05101 - Replaced o-rings on bottles 4, 6, 11, 12, 16, 20, 23, 26, 27. RINKO was loose.
05201 - Primary and secondary offsets noisy and spiky up to 30 m. Bottle 19 suspected of mistrip.
May 20, 2022
05301 - Bio cast. Bottles not fired sequentially.
05302 - No issues noted.
05401 - Bottle 19 came up empty. Changed out carousel latch. Raised bottle 19 to highest position possible.
05501 - No issues noted.
May 21, 2022
05601 - Bio cast. Changed pump Y cable to attempt to improve temperature and conductivity offsets.
05602 - No change in soak noise.
05701 - UVP suspected of slipping.
05801 - No issues noted.
05901 - Bio cast. No issues noted.
May 22, 2022
05902 - No issues noted.
06001 - No issues noted.
06101 - No issues noted.
06201 - Bio cast. Dark cast. Grease on vent of bottle 24 when recovered.
May 23, 2022
06202 - No issues noted.
06301 - No issues noted.
06401 - Bottle 16 accidently fired at 1615 m while CTD was moving.
06501 - Bio cast. No issues noted.
06502 - No issues noted.
May 24, 2022
06601 - No issues noted.
06701 - No issues noted.
06801 - Bio cast. No issues noted.
06802 - No issues noted.
May 25, 2022
06901 - Bottle 16 came up empty. Lower cap caught on rosette frame. Raised bottle 16 to ensure better closure.
07001 - Rinsed lower 600 m of winch wire upon rosette recovery.
07101 - Bio cast. No issues noted.
07102 - Biofouling event but sampling and CTD data look normal.
May 26, 2022
07201 - Spigot on niskin 33 replaced after sampling as it was suspected of leaking when subsampled.
07301 - No issues noted.
07401 - Bio cast.
07402 - Spiky offsets in primary and secondary CTD lines during downcast.
07501 - Lanyard of bottle 19 caught in top of bottle 20. Remade lanyard.
May 27, 2022
07601 - No issues noted.
07701 - Bio cast. No issues noted.
07702 - No issues noted.
07801 - No issues noted.
07901 - No issues noted.
May 28, 2022
08001 - Bio cast. No issues noted.
08002 - Cast delayed 10 minutes due to personnel miscommunication.
08101 - Considerable difference between upcast and downcast in oxygen sensors.
08201 - No issues noted.
May 29, 2022
08301 - Bio cast. No issues noted.
08302 - No issues noted.
08401 - Complaints of tightness on bottle 10 spigot. Replaced spigot with no signs of problems in old o-rings.
08501 - Spiked in offsets between primary and secondary CTD sensors at depths of 700 - 1240 m.
May 30, 2022
08601 - Bio cast. Spigot on bottle 13 was hard to depress and was replaced after sampling.
08602 - No issues noted.
08701 - No issues noted.
08801 - No issues noted.
08901 - Bio cast. Replaced spigot on bottle 6. Offsets in primary and secondary CTD sensors were noisy and spiky.
08902 - Bottle 24 not sealed upon recovery due to collision with top bar. Lowered bottle 24 1/4” after sampling.
May 31, 2022
09001 - No issues noted.
09101 - No issues noted.
09201 - Bio cast. Dark cast. No issues noted.
09202 - No issues noted.
June 1, 2022
09301 - SBE43 noisy at depths exceeding 800 m. Changed SBE43 out when recovered.
09401 - Bottle 19 lanyard caught in top of bottle 20. Remade lanyard. Biofouling on bottles 10 - 13. New SBE43 still noisy at depth.
09501 - Bio cast. No issues noted.
09502 - SBE43 noisy at depths exceeding 800 m. Changed SBE43 cable out when recovered.
09601 - No issues noted.
June 2, 2022
09701 - No issues noted.
09801 - Bio cast. Significant noise in CTD primary and secondary sensors at soak depth.
09802 - Bottle 16 came up warm (8 degrees warmer than it should have), suggesting mistrip. Raised bottle 16 and 17 to ensure bottle 16 closed and did not get caught in lanyard of 17.
09901 - No issues noted.
June 3, 2022
10001 - No issues noted.
10101 - Bio cast. No issues noted.
10102 - SBE43 noisy after 800 m during downcast.
10201 - Bottle 30 accidently skipped, with bottle 31 fired at 30’s intended depth.
June 4, 2022
10301 - No issues noted.
10401 - Bio cast. Offsets in primary and secondary CTD sensors became very spiky at 500 m during upcast. Adjusted secondary pump height upon recovery.
10402 - Adjusted heights and orientations on bottles 1, 4, 20. Adjusted guide rings on 1, 31, and 33.
10501 - SBE43 is less noisy than rest of cruise.
10601 - No issues noted.
June 5, 2022
10701 - Bio cast. Added additional hoseclamp to primary pump tubing.
10702 - No issues noted.
10801 - No issues noted.
10901 - Bottle 19 lanyard caught in top of bottle 20. Remade lanyard and adjusted rest of lanyard to ensure lanyard angled toward 18 when fired, rather than 20. Many spikes in T and S sensor offsets in upper 120 m due to considerable ship heave.
No issues noted.
11001 - Bio cast. No issues noted.
11002 - No issues noted.
11101 - No issues noted.
11201 - No issues noted.
June 7, 2022
11301 - Bio cast. Dark cast. No issues noted.
11302 - No issues noted.
11401 - Bottle 13 leaking from bottom during sampling on deck. Changed o-ring.
11501 - Bottle 19 lanyard caught in top of bottle 20. Remade lanyard and further adjusted bottle 19 by lowering to original height.
11601 - Bio cast. No issues noted.
June 8, 2022
11602 - No issues noted.
11701 - No issues noted.
Sensor Problems¶
T,C offsets: During 20 m soak, sensor offsets in primary and secondary lines (T2 - T1, C2 - C1) were noisy or spiky following station 32. This was occasionally exacerbated by ship heave within a steep density gradient.
SBE43: SBE43 O2 was consistently noisy at depths of 800 m or greater on downcasts and upcasts following station 32. This improved around station 104, where the height of the secondary pump was lowered.